Substrate Composition Table

(Sources:)

Ingredient	Lig %	Cellulose (%)	Hemicellulose (%)	Nitrogen %	Ash %
(all data on a dry matter basis)
Acorns	13	--	--	0	--
Alfalfa	7.5	24	8	2.72
Meal dehydrated (dehy) 15%	13	23	14	2.56	10
Meal dehy 17%	10	25	10	2.72	11
Hay, early (E.) vegetative (veg.)	5.3	20.7	10	3.744	10
Hay, late (L.) veg.	6.5	21.5	11	3.472	10
Hay, E. bloom (bl.)	7.1	23.9	11	3.04	9
Hay, medium (M.) bl.	8.7	27.3	10	2.72	9
Hay, full (F.) bl.	10.4	30.6	10	2.08	9
Hay, L. bl.	12.2	30.8	12	1.92	8
Hay, E. veg.	6	19	8	4.8	10
Hay, L. veg.	7	20	10	4.32	9
Hay, E. bl.	8	22	10	4	9
Hay, M. bl.	10	25	9	3.52	8
Hay, F. bl.	11	26	11	3.04	8
Hay, L. bl.	12.2	26.8	14	2.72	8
Hay, mature	14.4	29.6	14	2.24	7
Hay, seeded	17	32	21	1.92	7
Hay, weathered	15	30	13	1.6	8
Wilted Silage
E. bl. 35% dry matter (DM)	10	23	10	3.04	9
M. bl. 38% DM	11	24	12	2.72	9
F. bl. 40% DM	12	30	9	2.56	8
Almond Hulls, good	6.1	10.9	5	0	7
Medium quality	10	17	4	0	7
Molded	30	27	0	0	8
Apple pomace	5	--	--	< 0.5	--
Bagasse	18.9	33.4	30.0	--	2.4
Bagasse	11	38	34	--	--
Bahiagrass, 30% DM	7	31	30	1.424	10
Hay	8	33	31	1.312	11
Bakery Waste	1	12	5	1.44	5
Bamboo	20.1	--	19.6	--	3.3
Barley, Grain
Heavy	2	5	12	2.08	3
Grain Light	2.9	7.1	18	2.24	4
Malt Sprouts w/hulls	3	15	28	4.496	7
Straw	11	48	21	0.688	7
Beet Pulp, dehy	2	31	21	1.232	5
+Steffen's filtrate	2	19	21	1.6	6
Bermudagrass	7	32	38	1.44
Coastal Hay, L. veg.	6	26	38	1.6	8
Black pepper	18	--	--	1.28	--
Bloodmeal	--	--	--	14.672	7
Brewers, Grains, dehy	6	18	22	4.16	4
-Grains wet, 21% DM	4	19	19	4.16	10
Brome	5.5	27	15.3	--	--
Hay, Pre-bl.	5	33	27	1.68	10
Hay, L. bl.	8	36	28	1.184	9
Smooth, Hay M. bl.	4	33	29	2.336	10
Hay, mature	8	37	26	0.928	8
Canarygrass, Reed, Hay	4	32	28	1.648	10
Carrot Roots, fr. 12% DM	0	8	1	1.584	8
Cattails	8.5	--	--	2.176	--
Celery seed	22	--	--	2.4	--
Cinnamon bark	20	--	--	0	--
Citrus pulp, dehydrated	3	19	1	1.12	7
Clover, Ladino, Hay	7	22	7	3.52	10
Clover, Red, Hay	10	31	15	2.56	9
Cocoa bean	25	--	--	2.56	--
Coconut meal	10	--	--	3.44	--
Coffee Grounds	15	--	9	0	2
hulls (bran)	20	51	22	0	5
Corn
Bran	1	15	44	1.76	3
Cobs, ground	7	28	55	0.512	2
Cob	-	36.5	28	--	--
Cob	7	--	--	0.48	--
Corn leaves	3.8	--	--	3.04	--
Corn meal	2	--	--	1.776	--
Distillers grain, dehy	5	12	33	4.16	4
wet	4	11	25	4.16	4
grains + solubles	4	12	28	4.72	5
solubles, dehy	1	6	16	4.752	8
Fodder	3	30	22	1.424	2.4
Gluten feed	1	11	33	4.096	5
Gluten meal	1	8	28	7.488	3
Gluten meal 60% crude protein	1	4	9	10.752	2
Grain cracked	0.2	2.8	6	1.6	2
Grain flaked	0.2	2.8	6	1.6	2
Grain ground	0.2	2.8	6	1.6	2
Grain high moisture	0.2	2.8	6	1.696	2
Hominy	2	11	42	1.84	1
Stover	11	28	28	1.056	7
Whole ear (corn & cob)	2	10	16	1.44	2
Corn Silage	3	26	16	1.44
-45% grain	3	23	15	1.44	5
+NPN	3	23	15	2.08	5
+NPN + Ca	3	23	15	2.08	7
-35% grain	4	24	18	1.376	7
-25% grain	5	26	21	1.328	8
-40% grain	4	23	18	1.472	4
NPN	4	23	18	2.112	4
NPN + Ca	4	23	18	2.08	6
25% grain	6	27	22	1.328	7
Stalklage	7	38	23	1.008	9
Immature (25% DM no ears)	3	35	22	1.44	11
Cornstalk	11	38	26	--	3
Cornstalk	3.9	--	--	1.056	--
Cornstalk	11	33.5	32.6	--	1
Cotton	--	80-95	5-20	--	--
Cottonseed
hulls	24	49	17	0.656	4
Black whole seed	15	16	9	3.68	5
high lint	16	21	10	3.2	4
seed meal, mech. ex.	6	14	8	7.04	7
Solv. 41% crude protein (CP)	6	13	7	7.296	7
Solv. 43% CP	7	14	7	7.824	7
Cotton straw	15	42	12	--	--
Distillers' grains	5	--	--	3.52	--
Feather meal	--	--	--	12.48	4
Fescue, Alta, Hay	6.5	34.5	29	1.632	10
Fescue, K31, Hay	4	31	28	2.624	9
Hay F. bl.	5	34	28	1.936	8
mature	7	35	28	1.472	7
Fescue, Meadow, Hay	7	36	22	1.456	8
Tall fescue	3.1	30	24.5	--	--
Fishmeal				10.656	25
Fruit pits	40	--	--	--	--
Ginger root	6	--	--	1.6	--
Grape pomace	17	--	--	0	--
Grape pomace	35	19	1	0	10
Grape stems	12	--	--	< 0.5	--
Guineagrass	8	35	26	1.44
Kelp, treated	6	--	--	4.8	--
Linseed meal	7	--	--	4.48	--
mech. ex.	7	10	8	6.064	6
meal solv. ex.	6	13	6	6.128	6
Lupins	3.3	--	--	5.472	--
Manure
Elephant manure	10.4	--	--	1.12	--
Chicken manure	3.4	--	--	5.424	--
Pig manure	2.2	--	--	4.416	--
Cow manure sample 1	8.1	--	--	3.104	--
Cow manure sample 2	7.9	--	--	3.216	--
Cow manure sample 3	10.1	--	--	2.752	--
Millet feed	4	13		2.064	3
Milo see sorghum
Molasses beet,
79% DM	0	0	0	0.48	11
Molasses cane,
73% DM	0	0	0	1.28	8
Municipal refuse	--	76	--	--	--
Napiergrass fr.	8	36	28	1.44
-30 days DM	10	35	25	1.392	9
-60 days DM	14	33	28	1.248	6
Needle and thread	6	37	40	0.656	20
Nutmeg hulls	17	--	--	0.16	--
Oats, grain gr.		0	0
-38 lb/bushel	3	13	16	2.128	3
-32 lb/bushel	4	17	21	2.096	5
Hay	6	30	30	1.488	8
Hulls	8	34	36	0.624	7
Silage dough	9	23	24	1.6	7
Straw	14	33	23	0.704	8
Olive waste	28	--	--	0	--
Orchard grass	4.7	30	14.4	--	--
Orchardgrass, young	4.3	26	25	2.4
Hay E. bl.	4	30	23	1.632	10
Hay, L. bl.	4	34	27	1.344	9
Palm kernel oil meala	14	--	--	0.24	--
Pangola grass	7	34	29	1.76
fresh pangola grass, 21% DM	5	33	32	1.648	10
Paper Products
Brown cardboard	12	72	--	--	1.7
Christian Science Monitor	21	60	--	--	0.4
Manchester Guardian	3	59	--	--	30
Newsprint	20.9	--	--	0.816	--
Playboy	9	51	--	--	24
Solka floc (cellulose)	5	84	--	--	0.3
Washington Post	26	55	--	--	0.4
Whatman no. 41	5	89	--	--	0.2
Pea vines, Silage, 25% DM	9	40	10	2.096	12
Peanut, Hulls	23	42	9	1.248	4
Meal	--	--	8	8.32	6
Peanut skin	7	--	--	< 0.5	--
Pineapple, bran	7	30	36	0.736	3
Potato tubers	1	1	4	1.424	6
Poultry, Manure	2	12	24	4.512	22
Pricklypear, fr. 17% DM	1	1	4	0.768	6
Rapeseed meal	3.7	--	--	6.768	8
Red Top, fr. 29% DM	8	32	24	1.856	8
Reed Canary grass	5.3	28	16.5	--	--
Reed foxtail	4.5	29	17.7	--	--
Rice
bran	3.3	10.7	11	2.08	10
Grain, ground	2.1	--	--	1.424	5
Grain, polished	<1	<1	--	1.376	1
hulls	17	55	10	0.48	20
straw	12.5	32.1	24.0	--	17.5
Russian Thistle,	11	33	20	1.792	15
Rye grain	1	--	--	2.208	2
Ryegrass, Hay	2	28	11	1.376	10
Ryegrass, Straw	5	37	27	--	--
Safflower, Meal
mech. ex.	14	27	18	3.536	4
meal solv. ex.	14	27	17	4.064	4
Sagebrush, Big s.c.	12	18	12	1.488	7
Sesame seed	2	--	--	--	--
Sorghum, Grain dry (milo)	1.4	3.6	18	1.984	2
Grain rolledb	1.4	3.6	18	1.984	2
Grain, steam flaked	1.4	3.6	18	1.92	2
-Silage, 30% DM	6	32	26	1.2	9
Soybean, Hulls	2	48	17	1.936	5
Soybean meal -44	0.3	9.7	4	7.84	7
Soybean meal -49	0.2	5.8	2	8.8	7
Soybean Straw	16	38	16	0.832	6
Soybean whole	0.2	8.8	4	6.848	6
Sudangrass, Hay	4	35	27	1.808	10
-Silage, 28% DM	5	37	29	1.728	10
Sugar beet pulp	5	--	--	1	--
Sunflower
Sunflower hulls	19	--	--	--	--
Sunflower meal	12	21	7	4.144	6
Tapioca	--	--	--	0.496	3
Timothy
Timothy, mature	7.3	31	29	1.12
Hay L. veg.	3	27	25	2.24	8
Hay, E. bl.	4	30	27	1.76	7
Hay, M. bl.	5	31	31	1.44	7
Hay, L. bl.	6	34	28	1.28	7
Hay, Milk st.	7	36	28	1.12	6
Hay, seed st.	9	36	27	0.96	6
-Silage, L. bl. 42% DM	7	34	24	1.44	7
Tomato
Tomato pomace, dried	11	39	5	2.56	8
Tomato vines	-	--	--	--	--
Trefoil, birdft., Hay	9	27	11	2.608	7
Turnip, fr. 9% DM	10	24	10	1.888	2
Urea	0	0	0	46.72	0
Vanilla bean	14	--	--	0	--
Vetch, Hay	8	25	15	3.328	7
Water hyacinth	8.7	--	--	2.832	--
Wheat
bran	3	12	36	2.736	7
Grain, Hard red spring	1	4	11	1.808	2
Grain, soft white	0.6	3.4	10	1.808	2
Hay, E. veg.	4	26	22	1.92	8
Hay, headed	7	34	27	1.36	7
Middlings	2.2	8.8	26	2.944	2.4
Silage dough	7.7	25.3	19	1.296	8
Straw	8.9	--	--	1.488	--
Straw	14	40	31	0.576	8
Straw	18.0	30.5	28.4	--	11.0
Straw	18	34	27.6	--	1.3
Straw	7	42	31	--	--
Wheatgrass crest., Hay	6	30	29	1.44	9
Whey, Acid	--	--	--	2.272	10
Delact.	--	--		2.864	17
Winterfat, s.c.	10	34	28	1.728	15
Wood
Aspen	15.5	50.8	28.7	--	0.2
Balsam Fir	28	42.7	24.4	--	0.2
Beech	12.7	27.7	21.1	1.44	--
Birch	19.5	38.8	37.3	--	0.3
Birch	19.5	40.0	39.0	--	0.3
Pin cherry	8.98	8.77	8.4	1.77	--
Pine	27.8	44.0	26.0	--	0.4
Pine	27.8	42	23.5	--	0.4
Pine kraft pulp	5.0	77.0	18.0	--	0.4
Red maple	23	39	33	--	0.2
Spruce	28.6	42	26.5	--	0.4
Spruce	28.6	43.0	27.0	--	0.4
Sugar maple	8.49	14.1	9.95	0.97	--
Yellow birch	12	17.3	13.2	1.42	--

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